Chapter 11 – Menopause
CONTENTS
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Menopause: An introduction
- Normal physiological and endocrine changes at perimenopause and post menopause
- Menopausal symptoms
- The menopause consultation
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Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
- Systemic menopausal hormone therapy
- Women with an intact uterus
- After hysterectomy (with ovaries retained)
- Systemic MHT preparations and delivery systems
- Tibolone
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- Contraindications to systemic MHT including Tibolone and SERMs (consider referral to menopause specialist):
- Side effects and adverse events of systemic MHT
- Topical vaginal estrogen and genitourinary symptoms of menopause (vulvovaginal atrophy)
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Non-hormonal pharmacological treatments for menopausal vasomotor symptoms
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Alternative and herbal treatments
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Treating menopausal symptoms after breast cancer
- Premature ovarian insufficiency
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Other issues to consider
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- Low bone mass/ osteoporosis
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Cardiovascular disease
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Resources
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References
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Low bone mass/ osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition where bone strength is compromised due to poor bone density and an alteration in bone quality, which results in an increased risk of fragility fractures. An osteoporotic fracture is one that occurs with minimal trauma.
... Buy nowFactors associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis
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